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Gentlemen, illustrious captains of the army, and our most Christian comrades in arms: we now see the hour of battle approaching. I have therefore elected to assemble you here to make it clear that you must stand together with firmer resolution than ever. You have always fought with glory against the enemies of Christ. Now the defence of your fatherland and of the city known the world over, which the infidel and evil Turks have been besieging for two and fifty days, is committed to your lofty spirits.
Be not afraid because its walls have been worn down by the enemy's battering. For your strength lies in the protection of God and you must show it with your arms quivering and your swords brandished against the enemy. I know that this undisciplined mob will, as is their custom, rush upon you with loud cries and ceaseless volleys of arrows. These will do you no bodily harm, for I see that you are well covered in armour. They will strike the walls, our breastplates and our shiellds. So do not imitate the Romans who, when the Carthaginians went into battle against them, allowed their cavalry to be terrified by the fearsome sight and sound of elephants.
In this battle you must stand firm and have no fear, no thought of flight, but be inspired to resist with ever more herculean strength. Animals may run away from animals. But you are men, men of stout heart, and you will hold at bay these dumb brutes, thrusting your spears and swords into them, so that they will know that they are fighting not against their own kind but against the masters of animals.
You are aware that the impious and infidel enemy has disturbed the peace unjustly. He has violated the oath and treaty that he made with us; he has slaughtered our farmers at harvest time; he has erected a fortress on the Propontis as it were to devour the Christians; he has encircled Galata under a pretence of peace.
Now he threatens to capture the city of Constantine the Great, your fatherland, the place of ready refuge for all Christians, the guardian of all Greeks, and to profane its holy shrines of God by turning them into stables for fits horses. Oh my lords, my brothers, my sons, the everlasting honour of Christians is in your hands.
You men of Genoa, men of courage and famous for your infinite victories, you who have always protected this city, your mother, in many a conflict with the Turks, show now your prowess and your aggressive spirit toward them with manly vigour.
You men of Venice, most valiant heroes, whose swords have many a time made Turkish blood to flow and who in our time have sent so many ships, so many infidel souls to the depths under the command of Loredano, the most excellent captain of our fleet, you who have adorned this city as if it were your own with fine, outstanding men, lift high your spirits now for battle.
You, my comrades in arms, obey the commands of your leaders in the knowledge that this is the day of your glory -- a day on which, if you shed but a drop of blood, you will win for yourselves crowns of martyrdom and eternal fame. --Constantine XI 28/05/1453 It is a shame that there is no message icon or gremlin that cries... Constantine's speech, in whatever form he delivered it, gave new heart to those who heard it. When the shades of evening began to fall people moved as if by instinct towards the church of the Holy Wisdom. The soldiers stayed at their posts on the walls.
But others, Greeks and Latins alike, crowded into the great church to pray together for their deliverance. Common fear and common danger worked more of a wonder than all the councils of the church. Orthodox bishops, priests and monks who had loudly protested that they would never again set foot in their cathedral until it had been purged of the Roman pollution, now came to the altar to join their Catholic brethren in the holy liturgy. Extracts from the Constantine XI memorial page of The Society of St. John Chrysostom of Ayatriada Rum Katoliki Kilise [ rumkatkilise.org] website.
"We love, because he first loved us"--1 John 4:19
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Dear Myles,
Thank you for the above by Constantine XI before the battle with the Turks. It is a pity that these people could not see the danger six months before. If they had, maybe the city might have been spared.
For six months the Greeks refused to step into the Church of Aghia Sophia because it was polluted by a Latin Mass. But the devil was alive and well. I do not recall the name of the monk that the people considered a saint and went to for advice. What I do know though, through one historian was that he went under one name in Italy and under another name in Constantinople.
He shocked the historian, and he had to re-check and re-check his sources, because this same monk was telling the Latins to unite with the Byzantines in Italy, and then in Constantinople he was saying the opposite. He told the Greeks that if they united with the Western Church, then the Turks would surely take the city.
For six months the Greeks were fighting with the Italians in Constantinople. The Genovese were fighting with the Venetians...and then it all ended. A little too late me thinks. They all decided to unite and pray in Aghia Sophia on the last day.
What went on the years before the taking of the city, we might never really know. What immorality and sins were being committed so that the hearts on either side were not able to achieve comprehension of the others point of view, we will never really know. What we do know is that when they met at Florence and then Ferrara, it was too late. Hearts had hardened to the point of no return.
Could we be making the same mistakes today? Could our society and it's sins be leading us down that treacherous path... and will we 'unite' only when 'fear' draws us together. It will be a little too late me thinks.
Zenovia
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Could we be making the same mistakes today? Could our society and it's sins be leading us down that treacherous path... and will we 'unite' only when 'fear' draws us together. It will be a little too late me thinks. Yes at this rate by the 22nd Century Europe will have become Eurabia...
"We love, because he first loved us"--1 John 4:19
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Dear Myles,
I thank you too for this great speech which has brought tears to my eyes for many reasons...
It is so sad that throughout history, men needed to go to war. It is so sad that love penetrated the hearts of the good people of Constantinople ONLY when they faced a common enemy. It is so sad that it was, indeed, too late.
It is so sad that the Queen city of Eastern Christendom has been taken by the Muslim Turks and that her great churches have been reduced to museums. It is so sad that Christians are apathetic and marginal throughout the world and it is so sad that for some who are not, their hearts have hardened towards their Christian brethren and their egos are in triumphalistic competition.
It is so sad that I feel with every ounce of my soul that we are, once again, in the dark hour of the above time, and that, once again, we refuse to acknowledge it-- because if we did, we would also have to acknowledge the old proverb: ' A house divided against itself cannot stand '
In Christ, Alice
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The present moment can never be too late. The words of Blessed Constantine the Martyr still ring in our ears.
As for our lost buildings - there is a pious custom in Constantinople that, wherever services are held, the deacon always prays "for this, the Holy and Great Church of Christ . . ." which reaffirms that no matter what the Turks do, they cannot prevent our souls from returning to Agia Sophia, even if they tear down the building.
So we must smile - but NOT as Sultans smile!
Incognitus
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Originally posted by incognitus: The present moment can never be too late. The words of Blessed Constantine the Martyr still ring in our ears.
As for our lost buildings - there is a pious custom in Constantinople that, wherever services are held, the deacon always prays "for this, the Holy and Great Church of Christ . . ." which reaffirms that no matter what the Turks do, they cannot prevent our souls from returning to Agia Sophia, even if they tear down the building.
So we must smile - but NOT as Sultans smile!
Incognitus Dear Incognitus, As usual, your wisdom and insights are appreciated. Your sister in Christ, Alice
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Dont worry Alice within 150 years at this rate us Latins will be able to mourn with you in solidarity as the minarets are rest above St Peter's Basilica under Caliph's of Europe.
"We love, because he first loved us"--1 John 4:19
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Myles where does the oration come down to us from? Certainly very moving. The last hours of the once great Roman Empire. I dont know about the Abu Boutros Mosque in Vaticanistan. However, one wonders how long Europe can keep lurching along trying to make these people from the 3rd world think and act appropriately. They have proved to be a mixed blessing, some would say a Trojan horse, or a 5th column.
ICXC NIKA
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Myles,
What would be worrisome to me if I were living where you are is that, in a recent poll, 60% of British Muslims polled said they wished to live under Shari'a but still desired to live in Britain.
Now that's scary!
Logos Teen
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The source of the Basileus' speech was Leonardo of Chios, the Latin Archbishop of Lesbos, as contained in a letter addressed to Pope Nicholas V on 19 August 1453.
As for Western Europe at this present moment in time it is a foregone conclusion that whats left of Christendom herein will share fate of the Basilea. Please pray for us its the only hope we have. This I firmly believe.
"We love, because he first loved us"--1 John 4:19
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Lets not be defeatist here things look bad. Things have been far worse in Europe and other places and the church bounced back. Remember we are on the winning side Christ has done it all, death has been destroyed. That does not of course mean we do nothing but keeping that in mind show them Christ.
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Originally posted by Pavel Ivanovich: Lets not be defeatist here things look bad. Things have been far worse in Europe and other places and the church bounced back. Remember we are on the winning side Christ has done it all, death has been destroyed. That does not of course mean we do nothing but keeping that in mind show them Christ. Thank you. Well said ! -- John
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I am sure Pavel that people believed that in the preceeding century before Constantinople was taken by the Turks. Indeed, Patriarch Antonius' letter to Grand Prince Vasili about commemorating the Basileus during Divine Liturgy underscores this point. Read these snippets from the text of Patriarch Antonius\' Letter [ fordham.edu] . Do they sound like the words of a man who believes that the Basilea was about to be overrun by its enemies? From Antonius' assertion that it is impossible to have a church without an Emperor would you conclude that he comprehended that God would allow Rhomania to collapse? Yet it happened. Beware of thinking that simply because we've survived in the past that we'll survive again. I'm sure many of the Latin Princes thought as you do. Indeed, they say a shockwave went out around Western Europe when the City of Constantine finally capitulated. The Roman Empire was an eternal Empire thats how they conceived of it, thats how they envisioned it, neither Latin nor Greek until the last day truly thought that Sancta Sophia would be delivered to the Muslims. They were wrong. Anyone who knows of me and my posting will know that I am an avid enthusiast of history. I have studied many epoch's and many shifting era's and indeed John it was I who was saying not too long ago to you not to worry because its happened before and we've survived stronger for it and so it shall be again. But let me tell you my friend something has changed... I feel it my prayer, I feel it in my bones, I feel it my blood This is not like the other times. Trust me. This is different. There is a complancy a lack of urgency that the other era's did not have. I see it clearly before my waking eyes and I beg you not to dismiss my words as pessmism. I cannot explain it to you but I can feel it, I feel that we are that time, that moment, that crisis point where judgement shall fall. Every era in history has that key few years where just a few things can change its course and within myself I feel that for Europe this is that time. I am not posting these things because I have lost hope I am posting them because I know that if we do not respond to the promptings of the Spirit now there wont be a later to do so.
"We love, because he first loved us"--1 John 4:19
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Dear Friends,
In defense of Myles, let us not forget that he actually lives across the pond. I also feel the same sense of fear deep within me, and that could be because I go there once a year as an ex-resident and not as a visitor.
In Christ, Alice
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Dear Alice - thank you!
Dear All - it is several years since I was last in Constantinople - and, alas, I have never been to Trebizond. I don't think I would have the heart to return to what is now Turkey.
But I have plenty of heart to believe that the Mohammedans are nowhere near on the verge of conquering Europe. We have been there before - Chesterton wrote an excellent essay on the several deaths of the Catholic Church, and the time (in the days of the earlier Plantagenets) when everybody who was anybody was suspected of being a secret Muslim, even as more recently everyone was suspected of being a secret Communist, and Christian men had resigned themselves to the inevitable victory of the Muslims.
Well, surprise! The Reconquista regained Spain, Sobieski hurled back the Turks from the gates of Vienna, and Don John, despite being heavily outnumbered and outgunned, won at Lepanto. The Church can and does suffer, but she cannot and does not die, as the ghosts of the Communists will inform anyone who asks them.
Blessed Emperor Charles, intercede with God for us.
Incognitus
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