Hi,
I was wondering what a person that does have an abortion have to do to be redeemed in the eyes of the church. Is it a matter of confessing or is a long process involved?
Well, in the Catholic Church, a person who has procured an abortion, if it happened, faces not only mortal sin, but also a canonical penalty of excommunication.
Now, the rest of my reply, I write it with my limited knowledge of Latin discipline. I am not sure if this applies to the Eastern Churches.
To receive forgiveness of any mortal sin, yes, confession (or reconciliation, as we like to call it nowadays) is the usual way to go.
However, the canonical penalty of excommunication bears with it the prohibition of receiving any sacrament unless there is grave danger of death.
Therefore, technically the canonical penalty needs to be lifted first, however, the usual practice is to "take care" of both matters at the same time.
The ordinary parish priest may not have the authority to lift a penalty of excommunication, but in most cases (and in this one in particular) the bishop, or more typically a priest designated by the bishop, has the authority to lift it.
And since we are talking about a priest or a bishop here, he will probably hear the person's confession then and there.
The process should not be lengthy or burdensome, but the Church does want to be sure the person acknowledges the wrongdoing, repents from it, and, more important than all of that that, is able and willing to make the healing journey back into full communion with God and the brethren.
Shalom,
Memo